Notebook

 Aurangzeb made many mistakes.  War of succession when Aurangzeb died.  Bahadur Shah I becomes the Mughal emperor.  He reverses many adverse policies of Aurangzeb.  No more destruction of temples.  Policy of religious tolerance. Bahadur Shah I vs. Amber and Jodhpur.  Marwar (Jodhpur) Replace Jai Singh with his brother Vijay Singh. But, failed and reconciled.  Amber Force Ajit Singh to submit to the Mughals. Failed and reconciled.  Garrison Amber and Jodhpur cities. Failed and reconciled. Jai Singh and Ajit Singh wanted to become subadars of Malwa and Gujarat. Bahadur Shah I did not allow it.  Marathas and Bahadur Shah I Marathas wanted Chauth and Sardesmukhi of Deccan. He did not give them Chauth.  Did not recognize Shahu as the rightful Maratha king. So, Tarabai and Shahu fought for the Maratha kingdom. So, law and order could not be maintained in the Deccan. 

 Middle English poetry (early) The Battle of Hastings renewed many traditions in the English language and literature. Norman French became the language of the aristocracy and Latin for the clergy. The common people who were mostly uneducated retained their English language. English lost its upper class patronage. Only the commoners employed gleemen, their storytellers. English was despised by the aristocracy. But, it got inspired by the French language and literature. So, on century after the Norman conquest of 1066, English language reemerged. 

 

 

 The traditions of England did not change even after th Norman conquest. THe intricacy of the needlework of Anglo Saxon women showed the Norman Conquest of England in the Bayeux tapestry.  In medieval art, there was a belief that divinity intervenes in all human affairs.  But, even the Norman Conquest had its effect on the culture of England. The Anglo Saxon England was bilingual. But the Norman conquest made it trilingual. The bilingual England had English as the mode of communication. Latin was the language of the Church only. BUt, Norman became the langauage of the aristocracy after the Norman conquest. Only commoners spoke English. The aristocracy became bilingual only by the 14 th century.  The social structure of England did not change due to the Norman Conquest. Only the upper class changed from English speaking to French speaking. The English names of places remained. Sometimes they showed some Norman French influence. The new castles adnd abbeys had Normal n...

  1857- First war of Indian Independence 1885- INC formed 1893- Ganapati Mahotsav by Tilak 1896- Shivaji Mahotsav by Tilak 1897- Ram Krishna Mission founded by Swami Vivekananda 1902- Indian Opinion by Gandhiji 1904- VD Savarkar started Abhinav Bharat 1905- Partition of Bengal/ Sorrow Day by Tagore 1906- Muslim League founded 1907- Surat split 1908- Muzaffarpur bomb incident (Khudiram Bose hanged) 1909- Morley Minto Reform 1910- Tolstoy form in SA by Gandhiji 1911- 3rd Delhi Durbar 1912- Capital shift from Calcutta to Delhi 1913- Ghadar party formed by Lala Hardayal in San Francisco 1914- Kamagatamaru ship incident 1915- Gandhiji returns to India 1916- BHU founded/ Sabarmati Ashram 1917- Tinkathia andolan 1918- Kheda satyagraha (First peasant movement by Gandjii)           Ahmedabad mill strike (First hunger strike by Gandhijji) 1919- Rowlatt Act, Jallianwalah Bagh 1920- Non Cooperation Movement 1921- Prince of Wales comes to India ...

 Entomology It is a branch of science in which we study about insects. All insects are not harmful to plants. Insects on a plant present in a certain number are not harmful but when they exceed this number then they cause problems.  In forest entomology, we study about those insects which cause benefit or harm to trees. We consider the forest as an important economic resource in the 1800. We get both major and minor forest produce from forests.  Insects harm forest resources so forest acts came about to conserve and maintain forest resources.  Useful roles of insects- Honeybee- honey and wax Silk worm - silk Damages caused to the forest and timber by plants- Forest fires cause 4% loss to forests Insects- 24% loss Diseases- 24% Deficiency or environmental stress - 24% loss So, insects play a major role of insects in damages caused to forest resources. 

 Eugenic- imporving human species by selectively mating people with specific desirable traits. Epigenetics or reverse genetics- Study of how your behaviour and environment can cause changes that affect the way your genes work. Nucleotides: Building blocks of DNA (ATGC) Codon: Series of three adjacent based in a polynucleotide chain. Hershey and Chase- DNA is the genetic material Thomas Hunt Morgan- Father of Drosophila Hugo de Veries- Father of mutation Sutton and Bovery- Chromosome theory of inheritance Johannsen coined the term, 'gene' Site of Mendel's experiment was Czech Republic Traits that Mendel considered