Indian philosophy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_philosophy
Jayarasi Bhatta has also been associated with Charvaka though it is still a debatable topic. He is the author of Tattvopaplavasiṃha which translated to 'the lion that uproots all philosophies'. This philosophy discusses that knowledge is impossible. Here is how Wikipedia succinctly sums up Jayarasi Bhatta's main tenet:
His main claim is that it is not possible to arrive at true knowledge with standard means recognized by the traditionally adopted model of cognitive procedures (pramāṇa) in Indian epistemology, because one should first properly define basic criteria of validity for valid cognitive procedures, which is not possible without a prior true knowledge of reality against which we could test the procedures for validity etc. As it is traditionally argued, our knowledge of reality and of objects depends on valid cognitive procedures. However, as Jayarāśi points out, all valid cognitive procedures are either fundamentally flawed and ultimately unreliable or they require further valid cognitive procedures, and these stand in the same need etc. Therefore, within the traditional epistemological model, we can neither formulate proper definitions of valid cognitive procedures nor define what reality is and what basic categories are.
The manuscript of Tattvopaplavasimha was discovered in 1926 and published in 1940 by Saṁghavī and Pārīkh. The book examines epistemology, where Jayarāśi considers the pramāna (sources of knowledge) accepted in establishing conclusions (perception, inference, and testimony), and proves that none of them are sufficient for establishing knowledge. Inference relies on inductive reasoning, which cannot be shown to be universal premises. Testimony requires the reliability of the witness, which must be established by another of the pramāna. Even direct perception cannot establish truth, because it requires that the perception not be erroneous or illusory, which also cannot be established. Therefore, Jayarāsi argues that none of the sources of knowledge are valid, and nothing can be known for certain.
According to Bhatta, no philosophy can lead to knowledge that we can know to be true for certain. Even Charvaka philosophy need not be true. But, since happiness is the aim of life, Charvaka philosophy that relies on common sense can safely be used as a guide.
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