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Paralysis patients get rid of immobility once and for all. Thanks to HAL

Hybrid Assistive Limb (HAL) and wheelchair

Robotics has ushered in a new era of medical treatment. Hybrid Assistive Limb (HAL) makes it possible for all paralysis and spinal cord injury patients to move again. It allows them to walk, run, swim, cycle, and much more.

Discover Hybrid Assistive Limb (HAL) meaning

Tsukuba University and Cyberdyne of Japan have developed HAL.

Robotic exoskeleton Hybrid Assistive Limb (HAL)

A robotic exoskeleton or powered exoskeleton allows limbs to move with great endurance. It can detect how the brain of a paralyzed person sends signals. Then HAL acts according to the signal. It helps people with spinal cord injury to move again.

Discover how Hybrid Assistive Limb (HAL) works

Robotics and Artificial Intelligence have borrowed concepts from the human nervous system. What happens when you want to move your finger to scroll down?

Flowchart showing how HAL works

Step #1. Your eyes see that the rest of the content is below the screen. Then your brain sends a message through nerves to your hand muscles to move. Nervous signals are electrical impulses. (Yeah, voltages flow through our body. It is like your car battery or pencil battery).

Step #2. A fraction of that signal leaks into the skin. HAL attaches sensors to the skin surface. It detects the signals that the brain sends to the hand muscles.

Step #3. The brain instructs the hand muscles to move with only the amount of force necessary to scroll down. It will not instruct it to move with more or less of that force.

Step #4. We call the leaked signal a Bio-electric Signal (BES). HAL detects the BES. In this manner, HAL gets to know which body part the patient wants to move, how, and with how much force.

It processes information with efficiency like the human nervous system. Nerve impulses carry messages very fast. We move our hand the instant we want to move it. HAL too is as rapid.

HAL has two systems.

System #1. Cybernics Autonomous Control System.

The moment the wearer begins to move, HAL is ready to support them. Since BES is too faint a signal, HAL sometimes cannot detect it. Thanks to the system, HAL can detect human-like movements even if it cannot detect the BES.

System #2. Cybernics Voluntary Control System

When the paralyzed person wants to move, their brain generates signals. A small part of the signal leaks into the skin. We call it BES. Since the person has wanted to move, it is a voluntary movement.

A patient needs some time to get used to HAL

HAL can detect the intended movement of the patient. Then the patient’s body also detects whether they could move as much as they had wanted. Patients’ brains soon realize what kind of intentions they should have.

Types of HAL

Lower limb HAL, single joint HAL, lumbar HAL

Hybrid Assistive Limb Pros Cons

Freedom

HAL can offer much greater freedom than traditional wheelchairs. HAL allows patients to move and stand. Whereas, wheelchairs compel patients to sit for long hours. So, HAL is better for health.

Customization

No need to tailor wheelchairs for different patients. But, different HAL users have different leg lengths and sizes. So, you need a considerable amount of time to fit HAL into the sizes of different people.

Versatility

HAL should have a waterproof design so that the wearer can wear it outdoors. They should be able to use HAL even on muddy grounds full of gravel.

Conclusion

Robotics and AI have brought a revolution in the field of health and medicine. If you loved this blog then follow me on Medium.

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Email me at subarnacreative@gmail.com.

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