Bipin chandra summary

Reasons  for mughal decline

Wars of succession

Aurangzeb's policy (Religious intolerance, Deccan campaign)

Weak successors of AUrangzeb (Largely dependent on the kingmakers)

Empty treasury (Shah Jahan's construction, Aurangzeb's deccan campaign, decadent and luxurious lifestyle of the later Mughals)

Invasion of Nadir Shah and Ahmad Shah Abdali

Growth of regional powers like Hyderabad, Bengal. Awadh, and Mysore

Reasons for discovery of trade route

Capture of Constantinople and Asia Minor by Turks

Greater advancement in ship building

Venice and Genoa had monopoly over trade route

1492- Columbus discovered West Indies. He was Spanish

1498- Vasco da Gama of Portugal discovered India after roundng the Cape of Good Hope 

Triangular trade- 

America- Plantation and mining gave raw materials

Africa- Slaves and market

Europe- site of manufacture

Steam engine

Trade winds for 8 months blew against the trade route for India. Steam engine helped them ride against the wind and do trade at any time. 

Europeans that came to India

Portuguese-

arrival 1498

factory 1602

Dutch 

arrival 1602

factory 1605

British

Arrival 1608

factory 1613

Danes 

arrival 1616

France 

arrival 1664

factory 1668

Surat had the first British factory. There was good production of cotton which served as raw material. 

Bengal had a good revenue system because fertile lands and cultivation took place there. Farmers were later forced to gorw indigo in this region. 

1498- Vasco da Gama welcomed by Zamorin

1503- Calicut had the first British factory

1510- Portugues captured Goa from Bijapur

Goa would later become the Portuguese capital in India. 

1539- Portuguese defeated the Ottomans, Memeluks of Egypt Sultanate of Gujarat, and Zamorin. 

1596- Monopoly over S E Asia and shift of focus from India

1612- Battle of Swalleyhole (The British defeat the Portuguese)

Taxes extracted by the Portuguese

Toll tax

 Frigade system

Reasons for Portuguese failure in India

The focus was not India but SE Asia.

Their policies of religious intolerance were not liked by the locals. 

Their policy of plunder offended the local rulers.

Their only important leader was Albuquerque.

Dutch

1602- Company was estd

1605- Frist factory at Masulipattanam

1656- C[ature of Sri Lanka from Portuguese

1741- Battle of Colachel in which the local ruler of Travancore defeated them. 

1757- Battle of Bedara/ Chinsurah

1814- Anglo Sutch treaty

1824- Anglo Dutch treaty

British

1599- John Midenhall visted India via land route. THe same year, the Merchant Adventurers was formed. 

31st Dec 1600- The Merchant Adventurers got trading rights in the East by Elizabeth I

1608- William Hwkins met Jahangir

1611- British set up factory at Masulipatnam but it was temporary and outside the Mughal empire. 

1613- Surat factory set up by the British which was the first permanent factory inside the Mughal empire. 

1615- Thosmas Roe came from Britain to Jaghangir. They get royal farmans which give them trading rights. 

1630- Sultan of Golconda gave trading rights

1632- Sultan of Golconda goves minting rights 

1633- First factory in east coast, Balasore

1639- Fort St. George, Madras, Raja of Chandraagiri

1661- Marriage of Catherine fo Braganza and Charles II

1690- Britihs fort at Sutanuti called Fort WIlliam

1717- Roayl farman by Farukhsiyyar (A British doctor had cured Farukhsiyyar They would pay only Rs. #000 to treade in Bengal, Bihar, Odisha. But, it was graned to the company and not the private traders. Later, this right was misused by private British officers. This culminated in the Battle of Plassey)

French

1664- Louis 14 and Colbet started the company

1668- First factory at Surat

1669- Masulipatnam factory

1673- Pondicherry factory

1690- CHandranagore factory

More factories- Balasore, Mahe, Kasimbajar, Karaikal

Danes

1616- Factory estd

Important factories- 

Trenquebar (Tamil Nadu)

Serampoer (West Bengal)